Ventilator



(M0del.)

o. A. PREDERICKS. Ventilator.

N0. 240,245. Patented April 19,188]

N.PEI'ERS PtIOTO-LITHOGRAPNER. WASHINGTON. ll

UNITED STATES CHRISTIAN A. FREDERIOKS,

PATENT OFFICE@ OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

VENTILATOR.

SPECIFIGA'IION forming part of Letters Patent 1\T0. 240,245, dated. April 19, 1881.

Application filed February 3, 1881.

T0 all whom z't mag; ooncem:

Be it kno'wn that 1, CHRISTIAN A. FREDER- ICKS, a eitizen 0f the United States, residing in Brooklyn, Kings county, New York, have in vented certain Improvements in Ventilators, 0f whieh the following is a speeification.

My invention relates t0 that dass 0f renti- 1ators in which the Wind or currents 0f air across the top 0f the ventilating-shaft; are relied 011 to rotate a fan or propeller whieh accelerates the upward cnrrent of air in the shaft.

Heretofore ventilating devices of this general eh araeter have been variously constructed, most of them employing a propeller located in the ventilating-shaft and adapted to accelerate the upward eurrent of air in the direction of its axis, androtated by a motor-wheel plaeed above the moutl1 of the shaft. An exhaust-fm with curved blacles has also been mounted over the shaft ancl arranged t0 expel the ascending eurrent centrifugally, the rotation being effected by means of a motor-wheel connected witl1 the fan.

My invention comprises a combined centrifugal exhaust-fan and motor-wheel, arrauged entirely ontside of the ventilaLing-shaft, adapted to be rotated by the. wind, and at the same tinie t0 exhaust the air fron1 the shaft and throw it oft centrifugally.

1 have twn prineipal objects in view in the construction of 1n y ventilator aside frorn its success in removin g the f0ul air. One of these is t0 make the rotative parcs as light as possible, whereby the friction and liabilit-y to get out of order are reduced t0 a 'minimum and the other is to leave the slraft as free from obstruction as possible when there is no Wind and the parts are not rotating.

In the drawings, which serve to illustrate m y invention, Figre l is a vertical mid-section through a ventilator exnbodying my invention. Fig. 3 is a plan of the same with the cap 0r roof removed. Figs.3 and 4 embod y modifieations, which will be m0re particularly referred to hereinafter.

Let; A represent a part of a ventilating-shaft, and B a eoned annulus around the top 0f the same. The sl1aft is preferably eylindrical, and the annulus may be made hollow, of sheet metal.

O is the cap 0r roof, whieh may be supported on standards a a, attached to the annulus B.

(Modol.)

I prefer, as the best proportion, t0 make the radius 0f the outer circumference of the annulus eqnal t0 abont one and t.wo--thirds times thal; 0t' the shaft, an(l t0 give its coned face an an gle of abot forty-five degrees.

D is the fan sh'aft 01 axis, which is preferably provided with glass bearings both above and below, the lower beariug being preferably raised somewhat above the t0p of the shaft, as shown.

T0 the axis D are secured the fan-blades E E, which 1 prefer t0 make of some ligl'lt and stron g material, as papier-maeh, so that they may be made very thin and have as little weight as possible. 'lhe fan-blades are so shaped at their upper and lower edges as t0 rotate in close proximity t0 the umler surfaee of the cap and the coned surf'ace 0f the annulus B, and fr01n the axis D 0ut to the periphery of the shaf they are radial, so as to offer as little obstruetion as possible to the upward curre'nt in the shaft, and produee the best centrifugal efl'ect. Indeed, they are carried out radially, or practieally so, a1; the top, t0 their outer edges, bat their lower aeute-angled 001- ners are curved, as als b, the axis of eurvature being parallel t0 a line extending from c to d in Fig. l. These curved extremities serve t0 form the motor-wheel, and as Lhey are entirely ontside of or beyond the opening 0f the shat't, their warped surfaces will not oppose any 0bstruction to the upward current in the sl1aft, am} the curved portions of the blades being almost wholly below the top of the Shaft, they Will oppose 110 obstacle t0 the escape of the air thrown ofl' centrifugally by the radial porci0ns ot' the blades. T0 steady the blades I connect them together by hoops 0r rings e e, the former secured to the lower aeute-angled extremities of the blacles and the latter near their tops, as shown. I thus eombine in 0ne a centrifugal exhausbfan, with radial blades arranged t0 receive and throw 01113 the air freely, and a motor-wheel, arranged to be rapidly rotated by the foree of the wind, neither interfering With the functions 0f the otber, and the weight: 0f the eutire structure is reduced to a minimum.

In Fig. 3 I have shown my invenoion as applied t0 those ventilating-shafts which are surrounded by high 'buildings, where the aircnrrents reverberate and are sometimes downward. In this construetion the main shaft; is divided into two branches, A, which Cnrve inward and open face t0 face. The fan is arrangied between the mou'hS, and the whole is protected by a e2'1p or roof, C. In this eonstruction, a-s the currents from the branches of the shaft debouch horizontally, tl1e axis of the fan is, of eourse, arranged horizontally.

In Fig. 4 I have shown a modification in which the ventilator is represented in vertioal mid-seetion and in plan. In this modification the annulus B is omitted, the under side 0f the cap 0 is coned, and the fan-blades, instead 0f being curved, zn*e bent at; an angle 011 tl1e line 0 d. This construction of Ehe cap 0x ro of, While it; lessens the effeotive area 0f the radial parts 0f the blades, offers a somewhat freer exit f0r the air throwu 0tl centrifugally.

When the fan-axis is provided with chilledmetal pivots arranged to rotate in glass bearings, and l3ll8 fan is properly balanced, in will be almost frictionless, and being very light, with a short axis, in will n0t be liable to disarrangement fr0m the efi'ect 0f ln'gh winds.

Hzwing thns described my invention, I elaim 1. A ventilating-fan combining within itself a wind wheel 01 mot0r and centrifugal exhanstfan, the inner radial portions 0f the blades serving to exhaust the air from tlxe shaft and disclmrge itcentrifugally, aml he outer curved 0r deflected parts 0t' the blades serving t0 receive the force ofthe wind-currents and act as a motor-wheel for rotating the fan, substantinlly as set; forth.

2. A combined exhausl; und motor fan havcurrent, and tl1e outer portions, beyond the shaft, made to extend down below the level of Ehe top of the 'shaft, and that portion below the top of the shafb bent 0r curved t-o receive tl1e foree of the Wind, substantially as and f0r the pnrpose set forth.

3. The combination, with the ventilatingshaft, of the coned annlus around the outlet; of the same, tl1e roof 01 eap, and tl1e fan having blades which extend mdiallyfrom the axis t0 the margin 0f the shaft-outlet, and the por-' tions be vond the outlet arranged t0 drop bel0w the rn0uth of tl1e shaftand Denn 01 ourved to f0rm a wind-motor, substantially as and for tl1e purpose Set f0rth.

4. In a ventilator, the combination, with a.

ventilaing-slmft; having n eonical annulus aronnd is top and a cap 0r roof, 0f the fan having blades With their lower edges cut to an angle corresponding t0 the angle 0f the annulus, and ananged t0 droop over Ehe same, the lower exterior angles, b, 0f the blades being bent 01 curved, as shown, and the innen part; radial und plain, snbstantially as and f0r the purpose Set fortl1.

In witness whereof I l1ave hereunto signed my name in the presence 0f two subscribing witnesses.

CHRISTIAN A. FREDERIGKS.

Witnesses:

HENRY CONNETI, GEO. BAINTON. 

